Oil burner



Patented June 12, 1928.

WILLIAM G. MQKESSON, or .CHIQAGQ, nnrnors.

on. BURNER.

Application filed May 1-1,

My invention relates to the construction of a' burner which will produceeflicient combustion using kerosene, stove oil or the heavier grades of a fuel oil. The burner is adapted to produce combustible vapors trom such fuel without the aid of :a forced .air draft. The burner "is devised to permit of accurate regulation and adjustment. The means by which these and other beneficial results are secured are shown in the accompanying drawings in which Fig. 1 is a side view of the burner. Fig. 22 is a' vertical sectional view. Fig. 3 is a transverse section take-non the dotted line 11 in Fig. Land Fig. 1 is a similar view taken on'the line- 2-2in ig.'2.

Throughout the several views like parts are indicated'bythe same characters. iReferring to the details of construction, '1 is a valve stem whichpasses entirely through the burner. This valve stem is preferably threaded from end to end except for a hattoned portion 2 which in the assembly comes within-the generatin -chamber 3 and which serves as a scraper for :removing accumulations of residuefrom the Walls of said generating chamber 3. The chamber 3 is cylindrical in shape,-of a diameter'just suflicient to provide a working fit for the scraper 2. The chamber'has a finished-valve seat :4 on theupper end. This valve seat :4 is preferably beveled ;as shown to insure proper seating of the valve {5 vvhichis carried byithe valve stem 1. 'The' beveledvalve seat is self- 0 cleaning in that particles of carbonor residue are readily dislodged iby :the discharge of vapor which escapes-betweenwthe valve 5 and the beveled valve seat 4. In practice the valve '5 is threaded :to 1fit the valve stem 1 and is fi xed at the proper position by a lock nut 6.

The chamber "3 is reduced at the :end opposite the valve seat 4 -tofit1the :valve stem "1 below-the scraper section. This-may be conveniently accomplished by gt-he use of @a flanged bujshing 7 threaded into the end :of the chamber 3, this bushing in turn being threaded to -fitthe valve stem 1. Any. dirt, residue or carbon which forms in the-generating chamber and whiohis removedxfrom the wallsiby scraper-f2 is readily removed by unscrewing thebushing'Z. 8 is-an oil pan whichis utilized inth heating of the-bu-rn er and which also serves {to "collect-surplus oil if the burner is improperly adjusted.

,1-927. Serial in. 190,537.

Surplus oil isdischarged frornlthis pan into an overflow pipe '9. The oil .pan 8 is attached to the generating chamber'l preferably !by means of the flanged (bushing 7 which passes firstithrough the pan '8 and then into the threaded lower endcf the chamber 3. lllhe pan .8 and chamber 3rarevsupperted within the combustion ,chamber of a stove 0r furnace, notsho-Wn, such .mannerthat they remaininafixed position when :thevalve stem 1 is rotated. The valve '5 is raised from the valve seat 4zfby turning the valve stem :1.

11 is an indicator handle adjustaihly-sattached to the valve stem 1. 712 is aniindicator scale attached to the stove or furnace. The 'indicator'handle v1'1-;is adj ustedto-pointrto zero on the scale 12 when :the valve :5 is tightly closed and the dastigraduatiomoniithe -scale'12 corresponds with the-fulhopen position of :the valve :5. Intermediate points indicate the relative position otvalve "5 when the burner is inoperation. 13 is a-fuel deed pipe leading to the generating chamber :3. 14 is a fuel ieedrreg'ulating valve carryingan indicator wheel 15 having "reference points corresponding to .those on therscale 12. The position of these points with .reiference to ,a fixed mark on-the body of the valve .serves to show relative amount of afeedduringoperation. Preferably 13116 graduations on z-the wheel 15 are so related to thoseonthe'sca-le 12, that the amount :of iuel supplied will correspond :to :the proper position of .the valve 5 for most efiicient consumption .of

this sameamountofcfiuel. i16-lS a.-d-ischarge pipe connected with the generating. chamber 8 and having the control valve 17 "for regulating outflow of residue from the .burner. 18 is a lighting cup .adjustablymounted'on the valvestem .1. "19 isra heating chamber partially surrounding the. generating chamber ""It is supported rby :the walls of;the chamber 3. i'zl he height [of the stop of this chamber is adjustable. In small ibu-r-ners this adjustment may-bemostreadilyaccomplished :by threading opening the center of-the bottomofvthe chamber 19-torengage similar threads on vithe exterior .snrfiac'e 0f the generating chamber 3. "20 refers to small perforations in. the bottom of the-chamforations'in lthe'ibottomof the oil :pan';8. .23

19. 24 is an .outeribaflie similar in. shape: to

ber 19. indicates similar hut-smaller =per- 23 and also concentric with the chamber 19. The baffles 23 and 24 are usually supported by attaching them to the valve stem 1.

25 is a spreader preferably composed of fire clay or metal and of size and'shapebest.

adapted to carry the flame and heat outward from the burner to the inner surfaces of the 19' from which it escapes through the pe'r forations 20 to the pan 8.

The overflow pipe 9 pro ects slightly above the bottom of the pan'8 and fuel oil' is, "therefore, spread over the bottom before overflow begins. A portion of the fuel oil is discharged through the small perforations to the lighting'cup 18 where it is ignited by the operator. The burning oil in'the cup 18 heats the oil pan 8 and vaporizes the oil which has spread over the pan. then "ignites and presently heats' the re mainder of the burner/ The oil remaining within the chamber 19 and'in the generating chamber 3 is vaporized by the heat so produced and escapes between the baflie 23 and the exterior ofithe chamber 19 where itis ignited by the burning oil in the pan 8. When'the: burner:thus becomes sufficiently hot to vaporize the fuel in the generating chamber 3 the overflow of oil ceases.

The controls 15 and 11 are then adjusted to properly regulate the flow of fuel-oil and of heated vapor. During the operationof the burner the vapor and. air mix between the lower edge of the baffle '24 and theexterior of the chamber 19. Combustion occurs at this point andithe flame and heat pass out- 'ward and upward until deflectedas desired.

by the spreader 25.

The valve 51s adjusteclto aheight which chamber 3. This is necessary for most efli- CIGIlbOPGILtlOD. The maximum amount of pressure is obviously limited by'the' pressure in the amount of fuel 'availablereduces vapor pressure. The flow of fuel then increases Wltll the reduct on of pressure back within the chamber3 and the relative pressures become stabilized due to the'limits of fuel available for production of vapor, as regulated by the fuelcontrol valve 14. i

he opening between the valve 5 and valve This oil pressure.

Proper relative adjustment is important to efficient operation and the indicator controls provided are; therefore very desirable and necessary.

If a heavy fuel oil is used containing residuewhich will not vaporize in the gen-' erating chamber 3 the residue-may be con tinuously or intermittently removed through the pipe 16 regulated by the valve 17.

The carbon or residue forming on the inside walls of the chamber 3 is loosened by rotating the valvestem- 1 and the scraper 2. The-residue so removed falls to the hottom of the chamber and .may be removed by flushing through'the pipe 16 or by .re-

moving the bushing. i

The generatingchamber 3 can be flushed and cleaned'w'hen cold by opening the valve 5 and the fuel supply valve l t and by running oil through or. byhclosing the valve 5 and by opening the valve 17 and by forcing fuel through the chamber 3 and into the discharge pipe 16.

The extensive surface areas" of the baffles 23 and 24 absorb heat, during operation, which is transmitted through the valve stem to the generating chamber 3. 'They also serve to fa'cilitate mixing of air and vapor.

Although principally intended for use with stove oil and other high gravity fuels, the burner can be used with 'heavy fuels containing nominal amounts of lighter oils by continually discharging the residue. For

use With such heavy fuels, the chamber 3 is 'made relatively long and large in order to giveadequate capacity, only portion of thefuel being consumed. With light volatile a small generating chamber is found adequate. i

produces pressure W1tl1111 the generating I Having thus described'my invention what I claim as'new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is: i r

1. In an oil burner, a generating chamher; a valve stem passing through said chamber; a scraper formed on said valve stem; an adjustable valve operated by said valve stem and adaptedto regulate the flow of vapor from the said generating chamber; means for supplying fuel to the saidIgencrating chamber; a heating chamber partially enclosing the said generating chamber adapted to receive the vapor therefrom and having perforations in the bottom adapted to permit the escape of fuel; and concentric mixing baffles adapted for mixing heated vapor and .air adjacent to'theouter surface ofthe heating chamber. V

2. In a oil burner, a cylindrical generating chamber; a beveled valve seat formed on the upper edge of the generating chamber; a

valve stem extending longitudinally through the generating chamber; a valve attached to the valve stem and adapted to be brought into contact with the valve seat by the longitudinal movement of the valve stem; a scraper formed on said valve stem within said combustion chamber; a lever and indicator scale by which the position of the valve may be accurately adjusted; a fuel supply pipe connected with the generating chamber; an adjustable indicator valve in the supply pipe adapted to provide accurate regulation of the fuel supply; an outlet pipe for discharging residue from the combustion chamber; a vapor heating chamber partially inclosing the generating chamber and adapted to receive fuel and vapor therefrom; mixing bafiles supported above and adjacent to the heating chamber; an oil pan adapted to receive oil discharged from the heating chamber; a lighting cup supported beneath said generating chamber and a spreader adapted to deflecting flame and heat.

WILLIAM C. MGKESSON. 

